Almond - We are Obliged to Know

Almonds - We are Obliged to Know

Almonds are sweet and bitter.

Sweet Almond Harvesting: Sweet Almond Harvesting Period-August-September. Harvesting begins when the lentil of ripe fruits turns yellow, opens and the shell is easily removed. Once harvested, it must be selected, subdivided and subdivided into subgroups, dried and stored.

Moisture - 15-20% at harvest.

After harvesting, the almonds should be dried in the sun or by using a special dryer.

1 ton ha - (3.2 - 4.5) tonnes.

Dry in a drying machine at (23-30) 0 C, not exceeding 400 C.

Duration of drying process in drying machine - no more than 2 days.

Duration of drying process in the sun - 10-12 days on average.

Humidity Broken Almonds - no more than 11.0%

 Humidity Almond Heart -6.5 (no more)%.

Cardiac output - (38-42)% Not less than -30%.

Fetal-oblong, oval, both sides flattened.

Fetal size according to species mm (38 X18X13 mm); (31X20X13 mm); (34X21X17 mm);

Full-time Entry Period - (6-7) years

    Shelf life - Broken almonds: humidity not more than 70% - Т ° C - (-15 -0) ° C (+ 10 + 20) ° C

     Shelf life: - 5 (years) 2 (years)

Signs of fat deterioration caused by fat hydrolysis - (when breathing intensity, humidity and temperature are high).

The first sign - burnout,

The second so-called "robbery"

Third spasm (accumulation of aflatoxin).

Almond Packaging: Broken almonds should be packed and stored in vacuum packaging and cardboard boxes:

In sacks (25-30) in sacks (25-30) or in cardboard boxes, or in large capacity (1-1.5) in so-called Big Begs. Storage on pallets.

Almond Products:

.Almond fruits - Almond fruits have valuable nutritional, dietary and medicinal properties:

 Sweet almonds are used both as raw fruits and as candied and salted. It has a pleasant and sweet taste. It contains a complex of substances that are unique to the human being, with various useful properties that improve the overall state of the human body and boost the immune system.

Bitter almond species - used for pharmacological purposes. Almonds are a wonderful honey plant. Due to its early flowering, it is the best food base for bees.

. Almond Oil: Used in Nutrition and Pharmaceutical Industry and Cosmetology.

. Almond milk: Almond milk is distinguished by its unique composition. It does not contain cholesterol and lactose. It is therefore used for vegetarians, diabetics and those who are lactose allergic to the digestive system.

. Almonds, Almond Flour, Almond Paste: Used in Food Industry -

In the confectionery and culinary industries.

Almonds are harmful diseases by species: "Parsha" - squash, russia, monolysis, cluster esporosis, gray patches, large peaches.

Almonds are harmed by both pests and fungal diseases.

1.Closterosporosis - worsens almond leaves, fruits and branches. The first signs of the disease appear in the spring. The leaves appear small light brown spots with reddish arachnids. The spots later dry out, fall off the leaf and remain in place for a spike.

Claustrophobic disease is treated with copper or other fungicides, 3% of Bordeaux before buds are released.

With a solution, and then with a solution of copper chloride, couproxate, Italian Bordeaux, zichrom, and 0.4-0.5%.

. Peach big bugri-almond culture is quite common pest. It affects the stamp, leaves and young shoots. Damaged leaves shrivel and shrivel, the shoots lag behind in growth. The number of sprouts damaged by burrows in the lower tier is higher than the top. Bugs first appear in the second half of April. Their number is gradually increasing and reaching its maximum in the first decade of June. Then their numbers decrease.
Plants against insects are treated with insecticides. Preventive measures are mandatory and it is necessary to clean the almond fall garden every year and to clean the leaves and branches. Falling leaves and branches should not be left behind, as the insect pests can germinate there. All waste from the plant should be removed from the garden and burned. It should be strained, sprayed with lime solution, timely brushing of plants, burning of grass and application of garden ointment.

The soil beneath the plants should be frequently sprayed, which will promote oxygen availability and moisture of the plant roots.

. Gray spots - "gray spots" - or gray mucus appear on the almond leaves as dark spots. In wet weather fluffy gray islands are formed - with fungal spores that extend through the wind. A suitable environment for the disease is created by the high frequency of almond branches on the trees and extremely high doses of nitrogen fertilizers.

In the first place in the fight against gray foliage the trees are trimmed during winter and spring.

The following medications are used to treat the disease: Topaz, Kuprosat, Oxyh.

Manana Chagelishvili

Technologist of bakery and confectionery industry.